Power amplification system for very short waves



POWER AMPLIFICATION SYSTEM FOR VERY SHORT WAVES Filed Aug. 2, 1946 H. CHlRElX Nov. 7, 1950 2 Shets-Sheet 1 [22/922507- Amez 671/950 Patented Nov. 7, 1950 POWER AMPLIFICATION SYSTEM FOR VERY SHORT WAVES Henri Chireix, Paris, France, assignor to Societe Francaise Radio-Electrique, a corporation of France 1 Application August 2, 1946; Serial No. 688,150

In France October 25, 1944 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 I 1 Patent expires October 25, 1964 5 Claims.

This invention relates to power amplifier cira is intended principally for use in the field of transmitters of waves of the order of a metre and of wide pass bands.

Amplification circuits are known employing triode valves in which in order to avoid the parasitic capacity of the anode with respect to earth (which capacity may be considerable in valves with an anode cooled by water or by forced air) the'anode is earthed from the point of view of the very high frequency, the filament and the grid being then simultaneously carried to a high potential frequency with respect to earth.

Furthermore, connections termed by cathodic excitation are known in which the high frequency excitation is introduced between cathode and earth, the grid of the valve being itself earthed. It is known that such an arrangement requires no additional neutralisation capacity if the internal cathode anode capacity is negligible, but the anode being carried to high frequency high potential, the anode-earth capacity becomes placed in parallel with the anode-grid capacity and consequently will increase by so much the output capacity.

The invention has more particularly for its object a circuit in which the advantages ofthe cathodic excitation arrangement are retained, whilst keeping the anode at a zero high frequency potential in such manner that the anode-earth capacity does not intervene.

The invention will be more particularly described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, in which for greater simplicity, the direct current circuits have been omitted. I

Figure 1 refers to the known arrangement with cathodic excitation, in a circuit using two triodes mounted symmetrically. The filaments F are connected together by an inductance l and the anodes A by an inductance 2. The excitation of the amplifier stage is represented at E, whereas the useful energy is taken off at S. The tuning capacity of the input circuit comprises the two grid-filament capacities in series C shown diagrammatically in fine dotted lines and the tuning capacity of the output circuit comprises the two anode-grid capacities C being also shown diagrammatically in fine dotted lines; to these there are added the two anode-earth capacities shown diagrammatically by C.

Figure 2 represents the arrangement according to the present invention. The self-induction 2 of the output circuit is connected between grids and is preferably constituted by the outer envelope of a tubular feeder; the anodes are themselves earthed at 3 for the high frequency by means of capacitors (not shown). The selfinduction I of the input circuit is coupled to the self-inductance 2 of the output circuit by mutual induction with a coefiicient of coupling nearly equal to unity, that is to say, without appreciable losses.

Under these conditions, all excitation potential developed at E on the interior conductor of the feeder cannot develop any potential on the exterior envelope and the latter remains with respect to the excitation potential, at earth potential if it is placed at this potential in its center. Thus, there are produced, with respect to the excitation potential, the conditions of Figure 1,

and the arrangement is in particular neutrodyned if the internal capacity of filament-plate can be neglected.

As regards the relay eifect, the output potential will be manifested on the outer envelope of the feeder and owing to the inductive coupling the same potential will be found on the inner conductor of the feeder, so that the potential between grid and filament is not altered. The useful voltage is taken at S from the external envelope 2. The tuning capacity of the input circuit is constituted by the two grid-filament capacities C in series and the tuning capacity of the output circuit by the two grid-anode capacitiesC in series. Thetwo circuits having the same geometric length it is necessary in order that they may be tuned to the same frequency that the characteristic impedance of the feeder constituted by l and 2 and of the. feeder constituted by the tube 2 and the earth 2 should be in the ratio of the external grid-anode, gridfilament capacities. The anode-earth capacity does not interfere since the anodes are earthed from the point of view of high frequency.

Figure 3 indicates by way of example only the practical embodiment of a device according to the present invention. The two valves of the symmetrical arrangement are mounted at the extremities of a coaxial whole comprising three concentric valves; the length may be adjustable by forming the whole in a sliding form. The inner valve I is connected to the filaments F and receive the cathodic excitation by the adjustable tappings a and b. The central tube 2 is connected to the grids C and the output S is connected to the adjustable tappings c and d. Finally, the envelope 3 is earthed from the point of view of, high frequency, that is to say, that it is in fact connected'sto the high tension source shown by HT (Figure 3), the capacity 4 playing the part of a short circuit from the high frequency point of view. The source of heating for the filaments is representedatv 5; and --.;P. indicates the continuous grid bias. Finally,. 6.-is a condenser also playing the part of a short circuit from the high frequency point of View.

As stated above, the characteristic impedance of the tubes l-2 on the one hand, and 2-3 on the other hand, must be in the ratio of'the internal grid anode, grid filament capacities whereupon means for tuning regulationmaybe I provided for this purpose. Thus, for example, in a modification illustrated in Figure 5, which gives a view in section, I is shaped in the-form of a coaxial feeder, whereas 2 is constituted by two rhaltshellssand 3 .has a square-:section; l and 3 remaining fixed; the distance 01. maybe adjusted bydisplaceme'nt of :the .two; half shells,- the 'Wh016 unit 2 remaining concentric'with I and 3;when d increasesg-the characteristic impedance of the system'e|':2 increases, whereas. that offthe sys- .tem 2+3 diminishes. Thus,smeans.are given ufortregulatingithe ratio of the. characteristic imspedances.

:Itwillbe notedzthat the whole thus constituted is completely screened andconsequentlydoes not 30 radiate energy; the high frequency losses are lthus ammimumforzthey are reduced to the losses ;in the coaxial feeders.

vinstead of developing: the whole in a rectilinear directionxas. indicated by Figure. 3, it wouldbe possibleaito'. impart any other. suitable form 'to .'I'hBif.CilfCl1lt...a.-Ild :in. particular the form of a"U *(Figurer5al4which would have theeffect of-plac- .ing :the. twowalvestside by side. In this latter case,zthe:screening 3 (Figure "3) could be omitted :and-foraexam'ple replaced by a metal sheet 3 (Figures 5a and 5b) supportingthe whole,.parallelxto theg-plane OfJthe U and attached tocthe latter. .The;characteristic impedance to .be taken vintorconsideration@for the output circuit would then .be: that.:ffth6.d0llb18. feeder constituted ,by thetwofloranchesof the U, an impedance itself rm'odifiedsby':thev proximity :of :the plate '3. By :making the distance .of :the: plate. to the .U ad- -.justable,fthe characteristic impedance of the out- .putr;circuitvwouldbe modified. ::In:- this latter form, :the :losses :by radiation; may no.1onger be negligible.

It will bernoted thatLthe arrangement accord- :ingzto Zthe: presentiinvention by reducing the =capacities :to "the vutmost permits :of' embodying amplifiers with a'svery wide ."passband and "for very short waves. It is. equally clear thatseveral .identical entitiesmay be associated inparallel .to :increase-the: output power and,xconverse1y, accordingtto tthe same principlepan amplifier stage maybe constituted having. a single valve.

What I claim is: 1. In a short wave amplifier, a thermionic tube having anode, cathode and grid :electrodes, means for grounding said anode electrode for high frequency voltages, two inductances one entirely respectivelytosaid grid and cathode electrodes,

means for grounding the other terminals of said two inductances at least for high frequency volt- 7 ages, means for applying high frequency input voltages on the said inner inductance and means r for pickingup high frequency output voltages on the said outer inductance.

2. A short wave amplifier as described in Claim 1, including a tubular feeder, and wherein the said inner and outer inductances are constituted -'respectively;-by:the :innerand zouter conductors of said tubular feeder.

-; 3JlIIl a shortzxwaveam'plifier, ay-pair of::ther

z-mionic tubes:.-having:.-:anode,acathode: and grid ..electro.des, meansrforgroundi-ng said anode. electrodes. forj'highirequency:voltages, two-induct- 1 ances .cone entirely. surrounding :the other and coupled therebetween inductively-with a.-.coefii- ,cient of"; coupling substantially requali to unity, .:the router inductance; beingxcoupled between: the grids. and .the i inner rinductance between the cathodes ofxsaid tubes; means for grounding ;t he -midpointsi iof eachzinductance. atrleast" for; high 7 1 frequencyvoltagesg-means :for; :applyinghigh: frequency; input voltages :inpphase opposition be- -rtween two; points. ofssaid inner; inductance ,and :zground andmeans :for.pickinggunhigh,frequency output voltages in phase opposition between two :points: 10f: said: outer inductance and ground.

;.,4. -Azshort: wave amplifieryas described: in. claim 40 ,3; including a: :tubularlsfeeder, and; wherein :the .said innenand ,outen inductances are constituted .respectivelyr'by :the :innerzandiouter, conductors of said tubular 'ieeder.

.5. -Aishortrwave amplifier .asadescribedzinxclaim '3, including: a tubular feeder; and; wherein the vsaid inner and outer. inductances are constituted respectively -,bythe inner; and outer: conductors of sa-id-.- .-tub:ular eieedenii and a .:further-tubular conductor, entirely surroundingithessaid gfeeder, :is connected rbetweenrthe: anode electrodes i-iofjzthe said two tubesy HENRLCHIREIX.

REFERENCES CITED The following references-areof record in the file of this-patent:

.. UNITED' STATES. PA'IENTS- I-Iotine Oct. 528; 1947 

